Introduction Sulphur Oxides (SOx), remarkably Sulphur Dioxides (SO2), are emitted when fuels containing sulphur are combusted. Sulphur dioxide is a pollutant that contributes to acid deposition, which, in turn, can lead to potential changes in soil and water quality. The subsequent impacts of acid deposition can be significant, including adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems in rivers and lakes a ...

Biofuels could be one of the options to reduce the carbon intensity of maritime transport. It could also possibly reduce the effect of ship emissions (SOx, NOx, PM) on local air quality. In order to obtain a clearer picture of biofuel's potential, EMSA commissioned a report from ECOFYS to evaluate if and how biofuels could be used in the shipping sector as an alternative fuel.

Background Shipping is considered one of the most efficient modes of transport in terms of CO2 emissions. However, it also represents a substantial and growing source of the overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although CO2 emissions from the shipping industry have been accounted for almost 3% of the global GHG values, without any further action, it is expected this to rise to 5% by 2050. More ...